Changes in vascular density in the macula after pars plana vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole with macular peeling and one type of flap.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in vascular density in the macula after pars plana vitrectomy for idiopathic macular hole (IMD) with macular peeling and flap. METHODS: A prospective study of 35 eyes in 34 patients who had undergone standard surgery. Evaluated parameters were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), central macular thickness (CRT), macular volume (TMV) and vascular density of the superficial and deep capillary plexus. The follow-up period was one year. RESULTS: We divided the total group into two: temporal and circular flap and total group. We compared the values after surgery with the preoperative values. In the total group, BCVA increased from 48.38 to 71.44 letters (P≤0.05). IOP changed from 15.24 to 14.76 mmHg (P>0.05). CRT decreased from 432.27 to 323.64 µm (P≤0.05). TMV changed from 0.26 to 0.25 mm3 (P>0.05). The vascular density of the superficial plexus decreased from 32 to 28% (P≤0.05). The intercapillary space of the superficial plexus increased from 68 to 72% (P≤0.05). The vascular density of the deep plexus increased from 17 to 23%. The intercapillary space of the deep vascular plexus decreased from 83 to 77%. Changes in vascular density and intercapillary space of the deep plexus were statistically significant for certain months after operations (P≤0.05). There were no significant differences between subgroups. CONCLUSION: The superficial plexus vascular density is almost the same in the temporal flap and in the foveal-sparing flap is decreased, and the deep plexus vascular density increased statistically significantly during the follow-up period after surgery.

Elongated Miofascial Temporal Flap in Comparison with Standard Surgical Procedure of Temporal Muscle Reconstruction.

INTRODUCTION: Flap of the temporal muscle (m. temporalis) with its natural position, its mass and its length, compared with other bound and free microvascular flaps, is the method of choice for covering the middle part of the face after the removal of large tumor masses. MATERIAL: The study included a sample of 36 patients who were surgically treated due to malignant process at the middle face level with the performed partial, total or bilateral maxillectomy at the Clinic for Maxillofacial Surgery, University Clinical Center in Sarajevo. The sample is divided into three groups. METHODS: The usual procedure of lifting the temporal flap in the first group, at the second extension of the coronoid processus. A group of three-elongated myofascial flap, which includes lifting the muscle along with deep temporal branches of maxillary artery with deep temporal fascia, its two layers and associated stem of thesuperficial temporal artery. RESULTS: Statistical analysis of the length indicated that in group III the mean length was 9.83 cm, group II- 8.25, and group I- 6 cm. The longest segmental lobe in group three provides safer work and the length of the lifted lobe with double vascular stem. This provides coverage of defects that cross over the median line of the middle face. The results coincide with the comparative world studies. CONCLUSION: For large defects at the meddle part of the face that overlap the median line, an extraordinary solution is elongated myofascial flap with double vascular supply, with a larger flap mass and a length of about 9.83 cm.

Maxillary artery based flaps for oral cavity reconstruction, a review.

BACKGROUND: There are different flaps based on the branches of the maxillary artery. Flaps based on the maxillary artery branches can be used for oral cavity reconstruction in selected cases, but there is lack of comprehensive review in this topic. METHODS: A literature review was performed on Medline for maxillary artery based flaps and oral cavity reconstruction. Surgical techniques for each possible variant of maxillary artery based flaps and an example of each situation for oral cavity reconstruction is explained. RESULT: Five variants of soft tissue flaps based on maxillary artery branches are presented. Some of them such as temporal flap, superiorly based masseter flap, palatal flap and posteriorly based buccinator myomucosal flap are famous flaps, while posteriorly based inferior turbinate flap is less noticed for oral cavity reconstruction. Nasoseptal and infraorbital based flaps are two other maxillary artery based flaps but have no role in oral cavity reconstruction. CONCLUSION: Maxillary artery based flaps should be considered as an option especially in previously radiotherapy/surgically operated patients with facial vessels sacrifice.

Colgajo temporal como alternativa reconstructiva en un carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo de la región parotídea / Temporal flap as a reconstructive alternative for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid region

El carcinoma epidermoide de piel posee una elevada incidencia en países pertenecientes al cinturón ecuatorial o con climas muy secos y soleados. Se relaciona con la exposición prolongada a las radiaciones ultravioletas, enfermedades como el Xeroderma Pigmentoso, dermatosis de larga evolución, infecciones e inmunosupresiones. Aparece con mucha frecuencia en la piel del territorio de cabeza y cuello, lo cual complejiza las posibilidades reconstructivas en muchos pacientes. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 66 años con diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo en la región parotidea. Se efectuó una parotidectomía subtotal extendida a piel y se utilizó un colgajo miofascial temporal ipsilateral para la reconstrucción del defecto creado. El paciente se ha mantenido en seguimiento clínico por tres años y medio, no ha presentado recaídas, se encuentra controlado de su enfermedad y mantiene una buena apariencia estética. Esto refuerza la gran versatilidad de este colgajo dentro del arsenal reconstructivo(AU)

Epidermoid carcinoma of the skin has a high incidence in very dry and sunny countries or those belonging to the equatorial belt. It is related to lengthened exposure to ultraviolet radiation, diseases such as pigmentuous xeroderma, long evolution dermatosis, infections and immunosuppression. It appears frequently to the skin of the head and neck areas, which complicates reconstructive possibilities in many patients. The case of a 66-year-old male patient is presented, with a diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the parotid region. An extended subtotal parotidectomy was performed to the skin and ipsilateral temporal myofascial flap was used for reconstruction of the occurring defect. The patient has remained in clinical follow-up for three years and a half, he has not presented relapses, his disease is under control and he maintain good aesthetic appearance. This reinforces the versatility of this flap within the reconstructive spectrum(AU)

Colgajo temporal como alternativa reconstructiva en un carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo de la región parotídea / Temporal flap as a reconstructive alternative for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid region

El carcinoma epidermoide de piel posee una elevada incidencia en países pertenecientes al cinturón ecuatorial o con climas muy secos y soleados. Se relaciona con la exposición prolongada a las radiaciones ultravioletas, enfermedades como el Xeroderma Pigmentoso, dermatosis de larga evolución, infecciones e inmunosupresiones. Aparece con mucha frecuencia en la piel del territorio de cabeza y cuello, lo cual complejiza las posibilidades reconstructivas en muchos pacientes. Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 66 años con diagnóstico de carcinoma epidermoide cutáneo en la región parotidea. Se efectuó una parotidectomía subtotal extendida a piel y se utilizó un colgajo miofascial temporal ipsilateral para la reconstrucción del defecto creado. El paciente se ha mantenido en seguimiento clínico por tres años y medio, no ha presentado recaídas, se encuentra controlado de su enfermedad y mantiene una buena apariencia estética. Esto refuerza la gran versatilidad de este colgajo dentro del arsenal reconstructivo(AU)

Epidermoid carcinoma of the skin has a high incidence in very dry and sunny countries or those belonging to the equatorial belt. It is related to lengthened exposure to ultraviolet radiation, diseases such as pigmentuous xeroderma, long evolution dermatosis, infections and immunosuppression. It appears frequently to the skin of the head and neck areas, which complicates reconstructive possibilities in many patients. The case of a 66-year-old male patient is presented, with a diagnosis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in the parotid region. An extended subtotal parotidectomy was performed to the skin and ipsilateral temporal myofascial flap was used for reconstruction of the occurring defect. The patient has remained in clinical follow-up for three years and a half, he has not presented relapses, his disease is under control and he maintain good aesthetic appearance. This reinforces the versatility of this flap within the reconstructive spectrum(AU)

Vascularized rotational temporal bone flap for repair of anterior skull base defects: a novel operative technique.

Repair of anterior skull base defects with vascularized grafts poses a significant challenge, given the location and small number of adequately sized vessels for free-flap anastomosis. This is particularly the case in the setting of redo surgery or in patients with preexisting soft-tissue trauma. Even more difficult is achieving a vascularized bone flap closure of such bony defects. The authors report a novel technique involving a rotational temporal bone flap with a temporalis muscle vascularized pedicle, which was used to repair an anterior fossa bony and soft-tissue defect created by recurrent malignancy. A 55-year-old man with history of scalp avulsion during a motor vehicle accident, anterior fossa/nasopharyngeal malignant neuroendocrine carcinoma postresection, and bone flap infection presented with a recurrence of his skull base malignancy. The tumor was located in the anterior fossa, extending interhemispherically and down through the cribriform plate, ethmoid air cells, and extending into the nasopharyngeal cavity. Resection of the recurrent tumor was performed. The bony defect in the anterior skull base was repaired with a novel vascularized rotational temporal bone flap, with acceptable separation of the nasopharynx from the intracranial cavity. The vascularized rotational temporal bone flap, in which a temporalis muscle pedicle is used, provides a novel and easily accessible means of vascularized bone closure of anterior skull base defects without the need for microsurgical free-flap grafting.